Where each one leads
Tesla Model 3
- New Tesla Model 3 cars registered in Europe in 2022 average 0 g/km of CO₂ on the WLTP test, against 101 for the Volvo V90 in 2022.
Volvo V90
- Against cars of the same age, the Volvo V90 comes out better at its first MOT test (passes 1% more often than average) than the Tesla Model 3 (passes 5% less often than average).
- Against cars of the same year, the Volvo V90 comes out better in New York safety inspections (fails 26% less often than average) than the Tesla Model 3 (fails 29% more often than average).
- Fewer Volvo V90 cars in the Netherlands carry an illogical odometer record (2.4% against 2.6%).
Only measures that do not depend on how many cars were sold: pass and failure rates against cars of the same age, ratings, fuel use and CO₂. How we compare
At a glance
| Tesla Model 3 | Volvo V90 | |
|---|---|---|
| Model years in the US safety record | 2017–2026 | 1985–2024 |
| New cars registered in Europe | 336,489 (2019–2022) | 158,767 (2012–2022) |
| Licensed in the United Kingdom | 132,950 | 17,825 |
| On the road in the Netherlands | 66,268 | 9,428 |
| In traffic in Finland | 14,948 | 14,097 |
EEA new-car registrations (CC BY 4.0) · DVLA licensed vehicles (OGL v3.0) · RDW (CC0) · Traficom (CC BY 4.0) · generations: Wikidata (CC0).
Reliability and problems
| Tesla Model 3 | Volvo V90 | |
|---|---|---|
| UK MOT first-time pass rate | 83% | 85% |
| … against cars of the same age | −5% | +1% |
| New York safety inspections failed | 1.2% | 1.0% |
| … against cars of the same year | +29% | −26% |
| Illogical odometer records (NL) | 2.6% | 2.4% |
| US owner complaints | 4,371 | 17 |
| Most complaints about | Forward collision avoidance | Exterior lighting |
| Model year with most complaints | 2018 (1,033) | 1998 (10) |
| US recall campaigns | 36 | 8 |
| Manufacturer service bulletins | 803 | 2,118 |
| NHTSA defect investigations | 109 | 3 |
Complaint, recall and bulletin counts grow with the number of cars sold and are not adjusted for it. UK MOT: DVSA anonymised MOT results (OGL v3.0); New York: DMV inspections; complaints, recalls, bulletins and investigations: NHTSA (public domain); odometer: RDW (CC0).
Safety
| Tesla Model 3 | Volvo V90 | |
|---|---|---|
| NHTSA overall rating | 5★ (2026) | — |
NHTSA New Car Assessment Program, most recent rated model year (public domain).
Fuel, emissions and price
| Tesla Model 3 | Volvo V90 | |
|---|---|---|
| Official combined fuel use, Canada | — | 9.3 l/100 km (2026) |
| Real-world use in Europe, diesel hybrid | — | 6.7 l/100 km |
| Real-world use in Europe, petrol hybrid | — | 8.7 l/100 km |
| Real-world use in Europe, diesel | — | 7.6 l/100 km |
| Official CO₂ of new cars in Europe | 0 g/km | 101 g/km |
| Average power of new cars in Europe | 201 kW (270 hp) | 172 kW (231 hp) |
| Average mass in running order | 1,875 kg | 2,003 kg |
| Dutch list price when new (median) | €51,179 | €71,748 |
| Average odometer in Finland | 98,000 km | 181,000 km |
Canada: NRCan Fuel Consumption Ratings, most frugal version of the latest year (OGL Canada). Europe: EEA monitoring of new-car CO₂ and on-board fuel meters (OBFCM), CC BY 4.0. Price: RDW catalogue price (CC0). Finland: Traficom (CC BY 4.0).